Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)

What is Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)?

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is a condition where the blood vessels supplying the heart muscle (coronary arteries) become narrowed or blocked. This typically occurs due to the buildup of plaque, composed of cholesterol, fat, and other substances, on the inner walls of the arteries. As a result, the blood flow to the heart is restricted, leading to various complications.

Signs and Symptoms

• Chest pain or discomfort (angina), which may feel like pressure, squeezing, or fullness.

• Shortness of breath.

• Fatigue.

• Rapid or irregular heartbeat.

• Weakness or dizziness.

It's important to note that some individuals with CAD may not experience noticeable symptoms, especially in the early stages. Therefore, regular check-ups and screenings are crucial for early detection.

What Increases Your Risk?

Several factors contribute to an increased risk of developing CAD

• Age: The risk increases with age.

• Gender: Men are generally at a higher risk, but the risk for women increases after menopause.

• Family History: A family history of CAD can increase the likelihood.

• Smoking: Tobacco smoke contains chemicals that can damage blood vessels and contribute to plaque buildup.

• High Blood Pressure: Hypertension can strain the arteries and accelerate the development of plaque.

• High Cholesterol Levels: Elevated levels of LDL cholesterol ("bad" cholesterol) can contribute to plaque formation.

• Diabetes: Individuals with diabetes are at a higher risk of developing CAD.

Nutritional Approach

• Adopt a heart-healthy diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and low-fat dairy products.

• Limit saturated and trans fats, cholesterol, and sodium.

• Choose healthy cooking methods, such as baking, grilling, or steaming.

• Increase intake of omega-3 fatty acids, found in fatty fish like salmon, flaxseeds, and walnuts.

• Monitor portion sizes to maintain a healthy weight.

  
  

Lifestyle and Prevention

• Preventing or managing CAD involves lifestyle modifications:

  • Regular Exercise: Engage in regular physical activity to help maintain a healthy weight, lower blood pressure, and improve overall cardiovascular health.

  • Quit Smoking: If you smoke, quitting is one of the most significant steps to reduce the risk of CAD.

  • Manage Blood Pressure and Cholesterol: Regular monitoring and management of blood pressure and cholesterol levels are crucial.

  • Control Diabetes: If you have diabetes, manage blood sugar levels effectively through medication, diet, and exercise.